PDF<\/span> file here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nGermans in 18th Century India: A Social History of Everyday Life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00admans were already involved in the Euro\u00adpean colo\u00adnial 15th and 16th cen\u00adtu\u00adry expan\u00adsion <\/em>into Asia: trad\u00ading com\u00adpa\u00adnies such as the Welser and Fug\u00adger sup\u00adport\u00aded the Por\u00adtuguese <\/em>finan\u00adcial\u00adly and from 1502\/03 onwards, Ger\u00admans took a part in it direct\u00adly. With the <\/em>emer\u00adgence of the var\u00adi\u00adous East India com\u00adpa\u00adnies, this devel\u00adop\u00adment inten\u00adsi\u00adfied, and it was <\/em>in the 18th cen\u00adtu\u00adry that numer\u00adous Ger\u00admans moved to India. They did not only work as <\/em>mer\u00adchants, sol\u00addiers or sailors, but also as mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies, nat\u00adu\u00adral\u00adists, crafts\u00admen, phar\u00adma\u00adcists, <\/em>doc\u00adtors or as painters\u2013and even in the ser\u00advice of Indi\u00adan princes. The tran\u00adsi\u00adtions, <\/em>how\u00adev\u00ader, could be flu\u00adent if, for instance, a mis\u00adsion\u00adary act\u00aded at the same time as a mer\u00adchant, <\/em>crafts\u00adman, teacher or nat\u00adur\u00adal sci\u00aden\u00adtist, or if doc\u00adtors, mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies or phar\u00adma\u00adcists <\/em>took up botaniz\u00ading. There were also real sur\u00advivors with con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00adable social mobil\u00adi\u00adty, per\u00adform\u00ading <\/em>dif\u00adfer\u00adent jobs at dif\u00adfer\u00adent times.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe work\u00adshop will com\u00adpar\u00ada\u00adtive\u00adly address this pre\u00advi\u00adous\u00adly neglect\u00aded diver\u00adsi\u00adty through <\/em>group analy\u00adses or case stud\u00adies. It will deal (1) with trav\u00adel moti\u00adva\u00adtions, with the process <\/em>of recruit\u00ading in Europe, with indi\u00advid\u00adual images of India and the demand for cer\u00adtain pro\u00adfes\u00adsion\u00adal <\/em>groups. In addi\u00adtion, it (2) will turn to the social strat\u00adi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtions them\u00adselves. In this <\/em>con\u00adtext, it will inves\u00adti\u00adgate the ques\u00adtion of dif\u00adfer\u00adences to Europe and the rep\u00adre\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtion of <\/em>dis\u00adtinc\u00adtions between pro\u00adfes\u00adsion\u00adal groups, class\u00ades, \u201cnations\u201d or with regard to the Indi\u00aden <\/em>pop\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtion of the time. Fur\u00adther\u00admore, the work\u00adshop (3) will shed a light on con\u00adcrete liv\u00ading <\/em>con\u00addi\u00adtions, sub\u00adjec\u00adtive per\u00adcep\u00adtions and expe\u00adri\u00adences in India and will com\u00adpare these <\/em>with the ini\u00adtial expec\u00adtant atti\u00adtude of a stay. Pos\u00adsi\u00adble top\u00adics would be respec\u00adtive forms of <\/em>cop\u00ading strate\u00adgies of Ger\u00admans and oth\u00ader Euro\u00adpeans and their reac\u00adtions to polit\u00adi\u00adcal, eco\u00adnom\u00adic <\/em>and social changes and cat\u00ada\u00adstro\u00adphes such as wars or famines. All of this rais\u00ades <\/em>the ques\u00adtion of the extent to which Ger\u00adman archives and sources can widen the view of <\/em>his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adans deal\u00ading with the his\u00adto\u00adry of 18th cen\u00adtu\u00adry India.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nIndian society in the eighteenth century through a German lens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Chen Tzoref-Ashke\u00adnazi, Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nPeter Joseph du Plat was a young offi\u00adcer sent to India with the 15th Hanover\u00adian reg\u00adi\u00adment in 1782 as part of the Hanover\u00adian aux\u00adil\u00adiary troops in the sec\u00adond Anglo-Mysore War. In March 1784 he wrote a let\u00adter to a rel\u00ada\u00adtive in Ger\u00admany, whose man\u00adu\u00adscript is locat\u00aded in two Ger\u00adman archives, in Hanover and Pots\u00addam. The let\u00adter nar\u00adrates the course of the mil\u00adi\u00adtary events in which the Hanover\u00adian expe\u00addi\u00adtion par\u00adtic\u00adi\u00adpat\u00aded and sup\u00adplies a descrip\u00adtion of the con\u00addi\u00adtions under which the Hanover\u00adian sol\u00addiers lived in addi\u00adtion to a short descrip\u00adtion of Indi\u00adan soci\u00adety. The man\u00adu\u00adscript is part of a sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant cor\u00adpus of ego-doc\u00adu\u00adments by Hanover\u00adian offi\u00adcers, some of which were pub\u00adlished at the time while oth\u00aders are kept in Ger\u00adman archives in man\u00adu\u00adscript form, that com\u00adbine nar\u00adra\u00adtions of mil\u00adi\u00adtary events with descrip\u00adtions of Indi\u00adan soci\u00adety. As the analy\u00adsis of the text will show, sim\u00adi\u00adlar to oth\u00ader Ger\u00adman texts, du Plats under\u00adstand\u00ading of Indi\u00adan soci\u00adety was unsys\u00adtem\u00adat\u00adic, draw\u00ading on a com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00adtion of notions brought from Europe, British inter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00adtions sup\u00adplied by EIC<\/span> and roy\u00adal offi\u00adcers who had come ear\u00adli\u00ader to India, infor\u00adma\u00adtion sup\u00adplied by Ger\u00adman mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies, and his own per\u00adson\u00adal expe\u00adri\u00adence. It is not easy to dis\u00adtin\u00adguish between these sources of influ\u00adence. The out\u00adcome, how\u00adev\u00ader, is marked\u00adly dif\u00adfer\u00adent from offi\u00adcial British rep\u00adre\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtions of India. While obvi\u00adous\u00adly writ\u00adten from a Euro\u00adpean per\u00adspec\u00adtive, it does not always lend itself to the ser\u00advice of a colo\u00adnial ide\u00adol\u00ado\u00adgy. On the oth\u00ader hand, it is equal\u00adly impos\u00adsi\u00adble to speak of a uni\u00adfied Ger\u00adman per\u00adspec\u00adtive. The texts writ\u00adten by Hanover\u00adian offi\u00adcers reflect a vari\u00adety of indi\u00advid\u00adual per\u00adspec\u00adtives that are not always eas\u00adi\u00adly dis\u00adtin\u00adguish\u00adable from sim\u00adi\u00adlar British texts that did not serve explic\u00adit offi\u00adcial or ide\u00ado\u00adlog\u00adi\u00adcal pur\u00adpos\u00ades. It is, how\u00adev\u00ader, jus\u00adti\u00adfied to con\u00adsid\u00ader the Ger\u00adman texts, both by offi\u00adcers and by mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies, as out\u00adsiders\u2019 per\u00adspec\u00adtives, because their authors did not, or only par\u00adtial\u00adly belonged to the colo\u00adnial estab\u00adlish\u00adment, and felt much less com\u00admit\u00adted to its cause than British authors usu\u00adal\u00adly did. As such, they enrich our under\u00adstand\u00ading of Euro\u00adpean per\u00adcep\u00adtions of and respons\u00ades to Indi\u00adan soci\u00adety beyond the much more often used reser\u00advoir of British texts.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMotivations to migrate: Halle\u2019s Tranquebar Missionaries<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Tobias Delfs, Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nMis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies played a sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant role in the Euro\u00adpean colo\u00adnial expan\u00adsion. In the case of eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry India, it was main\u00adly the mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies of the Dan\u00adish-Eng\u00adlish-Halle mis\u00adsion, most of whom came from Ger\u00admany and where cho\u00adsen by the Francke Foun\u00adda\u00adtions in Halle. While above all the old\u00ader mis\u00adsion\u00adary his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adog\u00adra\u00adphy often por\u00adtrayed them as being dri\u00adven sole\u00adly by mis\u00adsion\u00adary zeal, this paper ques\u00adtions such an assump\u00adtion. It will exam\u00adine pos\u00adsi\u00adble fur\u00adther moti\u00adva\u00adtions of the can\u00addi\u00addates. On the basis of their per\u00adson\u00adal his\u00adto\u00adry, their appli\u00adca\u00adtion doc\u00adu\u00adments, the inter\u00adnal com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00adtion in the mis\u00adsion cen\u00adtres, between the mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies them\u00adselves and between the mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies and the cen\u00adtres, it is exam\u00adined whether spe\u00adcif\u00adic images of India, career aspi\u00adra\u00adtions, lack\u00ading career prospects or con\u00adcrete prob\u00adlems in Europe could be sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant motives for the appli\u00adca\u00adtion. The paper looks at accept\u00aded as well as reject\u00aded can\u00addi\u00addates, the mis\u00adsion head\u00adquar\u00adters\u2019 rea\u00adsons for accep\u00adtance and rejec\u00adtion, as well as the dis\u00adcrep\u00adan\u00adcies between mis\u00adsion\u00adary expec\u00adta\u00adtions and expe\u00adri\u00adences in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
German soldiers serving in Africa and Asia c. 1750\u20131820<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Michael Mann, Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nSol\u00addiers recruit\u00aded from cen\u00adtral Euro\u00adpean coun\u00adtries, or Deutsch\u00adland, as con\u00adtem\u00adpo\u00adraries called the region, were part of a pan-Euro\u00adpean labour mar\u00adket in the long eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry. In the ear\u00adly mod\u00adern peri\u00adod Ger\u00adman sol\u00addiers served in the armies of Euro\u00adpean mon\u00adarchs and transcon\u00adti\u00adnen\u00adtal\u00adly oper\u00adat\u00ading trad\u00ading com\u00adpa\u00adnies such as the Vereenigde Oost\u00adindis\u00adche Com\u00adpag\u00adnie (VOC<\/span>) and the East India Com\u00adpa\u00adny (EIC<\/span>). In addi\u00adtion, Ger\u00adman princes hired out their armies or parts of their troops to cre\u00adate addi\u00adtion\u00adal income and to par\u00adtic\u00adi\u00adpate in Euro\u00adpean pol\u00adi\u00adtics. In the sec\u00adond half of the eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry, west\u00adern Euro\u00adpean con\u00adti\u00adnen\u00adtal and inter\u00adcon\u00adti\u00adnen\u00adtal colo\u00adnial war\u00adfare in Amer\u00adi\u00adca, Africa and Asia caused a huge demand for addi\u00adtion\u00adal troops. Many of them were recruit\u00aded on the Ger\u00adman labour mar\u00adkets. The paper will ask in how far becom\u00ading a sol\u00addier, whether serv\u00ading in or out\u00adside Europe, was one of the many options men of dif\u00adfer\u00adent social back\u00adgrounds had try\u00ading to over\u00adcome dire eco\u00adnom\u00adic con\u00addi\u00adtions (pau\u00adperi\u00adsa\u00adtion) in Ger\u00admany. The paper will also ask whether becom\u00ading a sol\u00addier was part of a labour mar\u00adket based on var\u00adi\u00adous forms of depen\u00addent labour, be that slav\u00adery, serf\u00addom, servi\u00adtude, or sol\u00addiery. Like sevi\u00adtude, for exam\u00adple, pre\u00adcur\u00adsor of inden\u00adtured labour sys\u00adtems of the nine\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry, the labour of com\u00admon sol\u00addiers was organ\u00adised through con\u00adtracts fix\u00ading terms of ser\u00advice includ\u00ading pay, dura\u00adtion and work\u00ading conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGermans and the slave trade: the case of the Dutch East India Company in India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Alexan\u00adder Gee\u00adlen and Matthias van Rossum, Amsterdam<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThis paper will explore the role and par\u00adtic\u00adi\u00adpa\u00adtion in the slave trade by Ger\u00admans in the ser\u00advice of the Dutch East India Com\u00adpa\u00adny. Slav\u00adery and slave trade was wide\u00adspread through\u00adout the VOC-empire, lead\u00ading to the coerced cir\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adtion of enslaved peo\u00adple from South Asia, South\u00adeast Asia, East Africa and Mada\u00adgas\u00adcar to and from dif\u00adfer\u00adent VOC-set\u00adtle\u00adments. The Com\u00adpa\u00adny was heav\u00adi\u00adly involved in orga\u00adniz\u00ading the insti\u00adtu\u00adtion of slav\u00adery, and reg\u00adu\u00adlat\u00ading and admin\u00adis\u00adtrat\u00ading the slave trade. Although the VOC<\/span> also owned and trans\u00adport\u00aded slaves, most slave trade was under\u00adtak\u00aden by the Euro\u00adpean, Asian and Eurasian sub\u00adjects and per\u00adson\u00adnel of the Com\u00adpa\u00adny. Employ\u00adees from Ger\u00adman speak\u00ading regions were recruit\u00aded, and climbed, in impor\u00adtant num\u00adbers into the low\u00ader and mid\u00addle ranks of the VOC<\/span>. There they worked as sol\u00addiers, sailors, writ\u00aders, mer\u00adchants and even min\u00ading spe\u00adcial\u00adists. This paper explores the par\u00adtic\u00adi\u00adpa\u00adtion in the slave trade by these Ger\u00adman VOC-employ\u00adees work\u00ading in the VOC-set\u00adtle\u00adments on the Mal\u00adabar coast, espe\u00adcial\u00adly Cochin (present-day Kochi, Ker\u00adala). This paper will use data\u00adbas\u00ades of slave trans\u00adac\u00adtions (Acten van Trans\u00adport) and per\u00admits for export (Per\u00admissies) pre\u00adserved for eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry Cochin in the VOC-archives, and will con\u00adtex\u00adtu\u00adal\u00adize its find\u00adings with infor\u00adma\u00adtion in court records, per\u00adson\u00adnel admin\u00adis\u00adtra\u00adtion, tes\u00adti\u00admonies, and oth\u00ader sources. Explor\u00ading the slave trade and con\u00adnec\u00adtions of Ger\u00adman Com\u00adpa\u00adny per\u00adson\u00adnel in India can help fur\u00adther uncov\u00ader the over\u00adseas expe\u00adri\u00adence of this often over\u00adlooked group.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGerman Jesuits in Ambalakad: An example of Catholic mission in 18th century Southern India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Julia Led\u00ader\u00adle-Wint\u00adgens, D\u00fcsseldorf<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nIn their world-wide activ\u00adi\u00adties, the Jesuit order that was found\u00aded in 1540 soon became influ\u00aden\u00adtial and pow\u00ader\u00adful. Being a per\u00adfect\u00adly linked and high\u00adly mobile order, the Jesuits were able to build a unique net\u00adwork of com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00adtion and trans\u00adfer. In India, the Soci\u00adety of Jesus relied on its exclu\u00adsive rela\u00adtion\u00adship with the Por\u00adtuguese crown for a long time. By the eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry, how\u00adev\u00ader, Por\u00adtu\u00adgal was not able to pro\u00adtect and sup\u00adport the Jesuit mis\u00adsion sta\u00adtions out\u00adside of Goa any\u00admore. Accord\u00ading\u00adly, the dom\u00adi\u00adnance of Por\u00adtuguese mem\u00adbers with\u00adin the order dimin\u00adished, too. In this con\u00adtext, the Col\u00adlegium Max\u00adi\u00admum of Ambal\u00adakad became an inter\u00adest\u00ading, but neglect\u00aded, case of Jesuit act\u00ading in South\u00adern India. A small group of mixed Euro\u00adpean Jesuits tried to become influ\u00aden\u00adtial inter\u00adme\u00addi\u00adaries. Focus\u00ading on the role of the Ger\u00adman Jesuits of Ambal\u00adakad may illu\u00admi\u00adnate these new ways of Jesuit mis\u00adsion in eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aspects and Prospects of Death<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Key\u00advan Dja\u00adhangiri, Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe Luther\u00adan Mission\u2019s pres\u00adence at the Dan\u00adish sea\u00adport of Tha\u00adrangam\u00adba\u00addi in today\u2019s Tamil Nadu State is wide\u00adly known and well-stud\u00adied. How\u00adev\u00ader, reg\u00adu\u00adlar\u00adly occur\u00adring but mar\u00adgin\u00adal\u00adly stud\u00adied social life phe\u00adnom\u00ade\u00adna, such as the deal\u00ading with death and dying, bid us to revis\u00adit source doc\u00adu\u00adments and dig for hid\u00adden pat\u00adterns and buried pro\u00adce\u00addures of every\u00adday life his\u00adto\u00adry. The paper\u2019s lead\u00ading ques\u00adtion, there\u00adfore, is what All\u00adt\u00adags\u00adgeschichte can and can\u00adnot tell us about dif\u00adfer\u00adent cul\u00adtures cohab\u00adit\u00ading and inter\u00adact\u00ading over a long peri\u00adod, such as the eigh\u00adteenth-cen\u00adtu\u00adry mul\u00adti-lay\u00adered South Asian pow\u00ader shifts. Nat\u00adu\u00adral\u00adly, the ques\u00adtion also address\u00ades the pos\u00adsi\u00adbil\u00adi\u00adties and lim\u00adi\u00adta\u00adtions of mis\u00adsion\u00adary reports. Dig\u00adging into the men\u00adtioned sources the paper seeks to test two hypothe\u00adses: (1) Funer\u00adals as a cul\u00adtur\u00adal prac\u00adtice cre\u00adate iden\u00adti\u00adty and a sense of pur\u00adpose. As with all cul\u00adtur\u00adal and social prac\u00adtices, the aware\u00adness of their indis\u00adpens\u00adabil\u00adi\u00adty and the con\u00advic\u00adtion for their performance\u2019s neces\u00adsi\u00adty are extra\u00ador\u00addi\u00adnar\u00adi\u00adly strength\u00adened, when they are to be pre\u00adserved in a for\u00adeign, inse\u00adcure or even hos\u00adtile envi\u00adron\u00adment. The same applies if cul\u00adtur\u00adal prac\u00adtices pre\u00adserve and serve to delim\u00adi\u00adtate and safe\u00adguard the own com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adty against oth\u00ader cul\u00adtures and reli\u00adgions. (2) Funer\u00adal rit\u00adu\u00adals are a con\u00adve\u00adnient and cohe\u00adsive instru\u00adment of demon\u00adstrat\u00ading and dis\u00adci\u00adplin\u00ading one\u00adself (in front of oth\u00aders) \u2013 con\u00adsid\u00ader\u00ading in par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar its ref\u00ader\u00adence to after\u00adlife and the fact that a cul\u00adtur\u00adal trans\u00adfer of these prac\u00adtices is intend\u00aded or takes place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gender, Caste and Generation: Local Women and Children within the Danish-Halle Mission in South India (1706\u20131845)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Heike Liebau, Berlin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nWhen we explore the day-to-day prac\u00adtices at Chris\u00adt\u00adian mis\u00adsion sta\u00adtions, fam\u00adi\u00adly life can\u00adnot be ignored. Although Mis\u00adsion his\u00adto\u00adry has turned towards social his\u00adto\u00adry, includ\u00ading fam\u00adi\u00adly his\u00adto\u00adry, research so far has most\u00adly focused on the life of European\/American women with regard to the suc\u00adcess of the mis\u00adsion and their social role with\u00adin. Authors aim at chal\u00adleng\u00ading the notion of the mar\u00adgin\u00adal\u00adi\u00adty of women argu\u00ading against reduc\u00ading their role to lov\u00ading wives, car\u00ading moth\u00aders and friend\u00adly teach\u00aders. In con\u00adtrast, my paper draws atten\u00adtion to local women and chil\u00addren of local mis\u00adsion work\u00aders in the con\u00adtext of the Dan\u00adish-Halle Mis\u00adsion in the 18th, ear\u00adly 19th cen\u00adtu\u00adry. It explores social struc\u00adtures with\u00adin the mis\u00adsion con\u00adtext, such as: a) the pro\u00adfes\u00adsion\u00adal posi\u00adtions of local women (as domes\u00adtic ser\u00advants; bible women, teach\u00aders, or cat\u00ade\u00adchists), b) their posi\u00adtion with\u00adin the fam\u00adi\u00adly, includ\u00ading their role as wives or wid\u00adows of local male mis\u00adsion work\u00aders (co-work\u00ading with their part\u00adners; con\u00adtin\u00adu\u00ading the work after their hus\u00adbands\u00b4 death) and c) laws and reg\u00adu\u00adla\u00adtions for female mis\u00adsion work\u00aders (pay\u00adment, wid\u00adow sup\u00adport). With regard to local chil\u00addren, espe\u00adcial\u00adly chil\u00addren of local mis\u00adsion work\u00aders, I will explore the impor\u00adtance of inter-mis\u00adsion mar\u00adriages and the pro\u00admo\u00adtion of \u201cpromis\u00ading\u201d chil\u00addren through a spe\u00adcial sys\u00adtem of spon\u00adsor\u00adship. Con\u00adcep\u00adtu\u00adal\u00adly, I will sit\u00adu\u00adate my obser\u00adva\u00adtions with\u00adin broad\u00ader debates on gen\u00adder, caste and generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inconspicuous Colonizers: German physicians in the 18th century Danish East Indies and beyond<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Niklas Thode Jensen, Copenhagen<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nFor Euro\u00adpeans trav\u00adel\u00adling to and liv\u00ading in 18th cen\u00adtu\u00adry India, the risk of fatal dis\u00adease was a fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal part of every\u00adday life. Con\u00adse\u00adquent\u00adly, Euro\u00adpean trad\u00ading com\u00adpa\u00adnies and colo\u00adnial pow\u00aders employed sur\u00adgeons and doc\u00adtors to take care of their staff on board the ships bound for the East and in their colonies. In the Dan\u00adish East India Com\u00adpa\u00adnies and roy\u00adal admin\u00adis\u00adtra\u00adtion of the East Indies, the major\u00adi\u00adty of the physi\u00adcians were Ger\u00admans. Fur\u00adther\u00admore, the mis\u00adsion doc\u00adtors of the Dan\u00adish-Halle mis\u00adsion and Mora\u00advian mis\u00adsion in Tran\u00adque\u00adbar were also Ger\u00admans. In the pre\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtion, I will focus on this group of Ger\u00adman physi\u00adcians in Dan\u00adish ser\u00advice in India and beyond. Since they have nev\u00ader been stud\u00adied as a group, I will begin with a sur\u00advey of their ori\u00adgins, career paths etc. to iden\u00adti\u00adfy com\u00admon pat\u00adters and char\u00adac\u00adter\u00adis\u00adtics. On this basis, I will inves\u00adti\u00adgate two case stud\u00adies that demon\u00adstrate some of the chal\u00adlenges faced by this group and their strate\u00adgies for cop\u00ading with them. The first case is Samuel Ben\u00adjamin Knoll (1705\u201367, in India 1732\u201367), doc\u00adtor of the Dan\u00adish-Halle mis\u00adsion in Tran\u00adque\u00adbar. A clos\u00ader study of his life and work reveals the dif\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00adties of mak\u00ading a liv\u00ading as a physi\u00adcian in colo\u00adnial India and prob\u00adlems of pro\u00adfes\u00adsion\u00adal rival\u00adry between Euro\u00adpean and Indi\u00adan doc\u00adtors. The sec\u00adond case is Johann Ger\u00adhard K\u00f6nig (1728\u201385, in India 1768\u201385), doc\u00adtor of the Dan\u00adish-Halle Mis\u00adsion in Tran\u00adque\u00adbar, Roy\u00adal Dan\u00adish botan\u00adi\u00adcal col\u00adlec\u00adtor and lat\u00ader nat\u00adur\u00adal his\u00adto\u00adry col\u00adlec\u00adtor for the Nawab of Arcot and the British East India Com\u00adpa\u00adny. K\u00f6nig\u2019s life reveals the impor\u00adtance of net\u00adworks, mobil\u00adi\u00adty and being a \u2018neu\u00adtral for\u00adeign\u00ader\u2019 in colo\u00adnial India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moravian craftsmen and their professional engagement in the natural history of India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Thomas Ruh\u00adland, Halle<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe var\u00adi\u00adous forms of mis\u00adsion\u00adary activ\u00adi\u00adty in India dif\u00adfered from one anoth\u00ader not only accord\u00ading to the con\u00adfes\u00adsion and the polit\u00adi\u00adcal alle\u00adgiances of the mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies and their wives and chil\u00addren, but also in the ways in which mis\u00adsion\u00adary com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adties were financed. Mem\u00adbers of the Mora\u00advian South Asia Mis\u00adsion (1760\u20131802), for exam\u00adple, unlike the Jesuits or the mem\u00adbers of the Dan\u00adish-Eng\u00adlish-Halle Mis\u00adsion, for the most part need\u00aded to cov\u00ader their own liv\u00ading expens\u00ades by them\u00adselves. In doing so, they relied not only on agri\u00adcul\u00adtur\u00adal and crafts\u00admen skills and on their crafts\u00admen skills, but also on an exten\u00adsive trade in nat\u00adur\u00adal spec\u00adi\u00admens such as plants, shells, crabs, and rep\u00adtiles. These nat\u00adur\u00adal objects were pre\u00adpared and con\u00adserved in a vari\u00adety of ways and were then made avail\u00adable for sale with\u00adin India and in Europe. For some time, this activ\u00adi\u00adty could ensure the prin\u00adci\u00adpal source of income for the \u201cBrethren\u2019s Gar\u00adden\u201d near Tran\u00adque\u00adbar and the mis\u00adsion on the Nico\u00adbar Islands. In pro\u00adduc\u00ading these objects, the Mora\u00advian mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies (usu\u00adal\u00adly them\u00adselves crafts\u00admen such as cob\u00adblers and car\u00adpen\u00adters) worked close\u00adly with native peo\u00adple, who served as infor\u00admants and helpers in the pro\u00adcess\u00ading and nam\u00ading of the nat\u00adur\u00adal spec\u00adi\u00admens. My pre\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtion will explain this prac\u00adtice, hith\u00ader\u00adto sel\u00addom explored in the mis\u00adsion\u00adary con\u00adtext, and will clar\u00adi\u00adfy the motives behind the col\u00adlec\u00adtion of nat\u00adur\u00adal objects as well as the prob\u00adlems and oth\u00ader con\u00adse\u00adquences. These includ\u00aded the new\u00adly result\u00ading oppor\u00adtu\u00adni\u00adties for Euro\u00adpeans and Indige\u00adnous to find employ\u00adment with the (British) East India Com\u00adpa\u00adny, as well as the effects on Indi\u00adan employ\u00adees of the Mora\u00advians such as Krish\u00adna Pal, who, after work\u00ading with the Mora\u00advian mis\u00adsion\u00adar\u00adies in the field of nat\u00adur\u00adal his\u00adto\u00adry, became the first con\u00advert of the Bap\u00adtist Mis\u00adsion\u00adary Soci\u00adety under W. Carey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
German and North European painters in India: Carl von Imhoff, Johann Zoffany and Peter Anker. Career strategy and artistic passion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Mar\u00adtin Krieger, Kiel<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nDur\u00ading the lat\u00adter half of the eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry, a colo\u00adnial art-mar\u00adket emerged in India. Notably Cal\u00adcut\u00adta with its abun\u00addance of finan\u00adcial wealth attract\u00aded artists from Great Britain and beyond. The col\u00adlec\u00adtion of oil paint\u00adings and draw\u00adings pre\u00adserved inside the Vic\u00adto\u00adria Memo\u00adr\u00adi\u00adal at Cal\u00adcut\u00adta still bears wit\u00adness to this fact. A num\u00adber of Ger\u00adman and North Euro\u00adpean artists joined this trend and estab\u00adlished their work\u00adshops in India. The Ger\u00admans Carl von Imhoff and Johann Zof\u00adfany as well as the Nor\u00adwe\u00adgian Peter Anker ren\u00adder promi\u00adnent exam\u00adples and will be stud\u00adied in detail here. Their social back\u00adground, edu\u00adca\u00adtion and moti\u00adva\u00adtion for trav\u00adel\u00adling to India will be scru\u00adti\u00adnized. Fur\u00adther\u00admore, it will be asked: To what degree did their activ\u00adi\u00adties in India con\u00adtribute to enhanc\u00ading their careers? Imhoff\u2019s, Zoffany\u2019s and Anker\u2019s artis\u00adtic oeu\u00advre simul\u00adta\u00adne\u00adous\u00adly played a role in cre\u00adat\u00ading a dis\u00adtinct image of India in Ger\u00admany and North\u00adern Europe. Against this back\u00addrop, this paper will simul\u00adta\u00adne\u00adous\u00adly ask for their impact on shap\u00ading con\u00adtem\u00adpo\u00adrary ideas of India in Weimar, Copen\u00adhagen and oth\u00ader cul\u00adtur\u00adal centres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Work\u00adshop Pro\u00adgram The work\u00adshop pro\u00adgram can be down\u00adloaded as PDF<\/span> file here. Thurs\u00adday, 12.12.2019 11:00\u201311:30 am Wel\u00adcome and intro\u00adduc\u00adtionRavi Ahu\u00adja, Michael Mann, Tobias Delfs 11:30\u201312:30 am Indi\u00adan soci\u00adety in the 18th cen\u00adtu\u00adry through a Ger\u00adman lensChen Tzoref-Ashke\u00ad\u00adnazi, Berlin 12:30 am Lunch Career as a moti\u00adva\u00adtion for Euro\u00adpean Migra\u00adtion to India? 1:30\u20132:30 pm Moti\u00adva\u00adtions to migrate: Halle\u2018s Tranquebar [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":1689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-1695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veranstaltungen-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGermans in 18th Century India: A Social History of Everyday Life (Program and Abstracts) - MIDA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projekt-mida.de\/en\/1695\/germans-in-18th-century-india-a-social-history-of-everyday-life\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Germans in 18th Century India: A Social History of Everyday Life (Program and Abstracts) - MIDA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Workshop Program The work\u00adshop pro\u00adgram can be down\u00adloaded as PDF file here. 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